Using Percussion MIDI Maps

On standard staves, or pitched percussion staves, each line and space corresponds to a specific pitch. Each line and space on non-pitched percussion staves, on the other hand, corresponds to a different instrument. Sometimes percussion instruments, or performance techniques (rim shots, dampened notes, etc.), are also identified with differing noteheads either on the same line/space, or on different lines/spaces of the percussion staff. This allows multiple percussionists, for example both a snare drum and wood block player, to read from the same staff.

Your Finale installation includes a number of percussion samples to choose from for playback, such as those included with the Garritan Instruments, Tapspace, or SmartMusic SoftSynth (click the links to view the samples available in each library and the individual sounds within those samples).

In these samples, each pitch on the piano keyboard is mapped to a specific percussion sound using a Percussion MIDI Map, so that, when that pitch is played, the correct sound is triggered. In most cases, percussion input and playback will require no manual configuration. However, Finale gives you the ability to customize any aspect of percussion notation and playback to fit your needs.

In this tutorial, you will learn:

1. The difference between Percussion MIDI values and Note Types
2. How Note Types are used in Percussion Maps
3. How to select a Percussion Input Map for MIDI entry

Percussion MIDI values

Percussion MIDI values range between 21 and 108. Every pitch on a piano keyboard can be mapped to a unique percussion sound (e.g. bass drum = 36, snare drum = 38, etc.), which allows multiple percussion sounds on a single channel. You can view the percussion MIDI value (MIDI note number) for any percussion notes you have entered by selecting View > Show > Percussion MIDI values– Finale displays the percussion MIDI value for the notes according to the currently selected Percussion Input Map. See MIDI note to pitch table to reference the key on your MIDI keyboard that corresponds to the Percussion MIDI value.

Note Types

A Note Type is a way of naming and identifying different percussion instruments in a way that can accommodate multiple percussion sound libraries. They are basically Finale's internal definition of percussion instruments. “Snare drum,” “Snare drum LH,” “Triangle Open” and “Triangle Mute” are examples of Note Types. When you enter notes with Simple or Speedy entry, their Note Type displays.

In Simple Entry, Note Types appear on the cursor and caret, indicating the percussion note queued for entry.

Note Types are assigned to percussion MIDI values (for both input and output) using Percussion MIDI Maps.

Percussion MIDI Maps

Percussion MIDI Maps are lists of Note Types and the MIDI values that have been assigned to them for a sound. Different sound libraries, such as “Garritan Instruments for Finale: Basic Orchestral Percussion," “Tapspace: Snareline,” or “SmartMusic SoftSynth: Orchestral Percussion,” include different percussion sounds, so the Note Types and MIDI values differ also.

• Output Maps: These maps correspond directly to the Sound Map you have selected in your current document. They can be viewed and edited by going to Window > ScoreManager and looking in the Percussion MIDI Map column. In almost all cases, the name of the map should match the sample you have chosen.
• Input Maps: These maps are used to interpret information from your MIDI keyboard, and can correspond to a Note Type assigned to the same percussion MIDI value, or a different one for output. By default, Finale will match your Input Map to your Output Map, so that, as you play notes on your MIDI keyboard, you will hear the sounds that are available with the sound library you have selected.

Using Percussion Maps

To demonstrate how Percussion Maps work, we will start with a document that is using three different percussion sound libraries: open "PercussionTutorial.MUS" in the tutorials folder (Macintosh HD/Library/Application Support/MakeMusic/Finale 2012/Music Files/Tutorials).

To use Finale's built-in input maps

1. Select the Simple Entry tool.
2. Select the eighth note from the Simple Entry palette, or press the number 4 on your numeric keypad.
3. Enter the following passage in measure 1 of staff 1, play MIDI pitch 36 (C2) for the bass drum (bottom note) and 60 (C4) for the snare drum (top note).

If you don't know where C2 is on your keyboard, try the second lowest C. If the wrong note appears, press COMMAND+Z to undo and try another octave.

4. Press COMMAND+DOWN ARROW to move down a staff.
5. Enter the same passage in measure 2 of staff 2. This time, play MIDI pitches 35 (B1) for the bass drum and 38 (D2) for the snare drum.
6. Press COMMAND+DOWN ARROW to move down a staff.
7. Enter the same passage in measure 3 of staff 3. This time, use MIDI pitches 43 (G2) for the bass drum and 50 (D3) for the snare drum. (The snare notehead will look different).

If the incorrect note appears, you can use the Transpose Percussion Notes command to fix the appearance and playback.

Even though the percussion MIDI value was correct, Finale added the wrong Note Type for the snare drum in the third staff. While the map for this staff (VDLite Finale Marching Percussion Map) contains a single snare drum Note Type, it also contains another Note Type for MIDI value 50 that is a similar percussion sound: Snare Section Hits.

When entering with a MIDI keyboard, Finale will choose the first Note Type that uses the MIDI value entered. In this case, Snare Section Hits is listed before Snare Drum in this map.

Additionally, the Note Type for Snare Section Hits is not included in the Percussion Layout for this staff, so it does not have a staff position or notehead assigned.

Both problems are easily fixed by transposing percussion notes.

To Transpose Percussion Notes

1. Choose the Selection Tool .
2. Highlight measure 3 of staff 3.
3. Choose Utilities > Transpose Percussion Notes.
4. Select MIDI value 50.
5. Choose Change Selected Note To > Snare Drums > Snare Drum > Snare Drum.
6. Click OK.

Now the snare drum part for this staff should look identical to the other two. With all three staves entered correctly, your score should now look like this.

7. Press the Play button to hear this passage played back using the three different sound libraries.

Even though you used different keys on your keyboard to enter the notes, the playback sounds are the same. This is because (by default) Finale uses the same map for input as for output. Since the Garritan, SmartMusic SoftSynth and Tapspace libraries have each mapped the snare drum and bass drum to different MIDI values, it is necessary to play those pitches to input the notes correctly on each staff.

When entering percussion notes with your MIDI keyboard, you can refer to the Percussion MIDI Map tables for SmartMusic SoftSynth, Garritan, and TapSpace to identify the MIDI pitch assigned to each Note Type, and then consult the MIDI Note to Pitch Table to identify the MIDI pitches to play on your MIDI keyboard. This is most useful if there are only one or two percussion sound libraries that you use on a regular basis.

If you like, you can use different MIDI values for input than those defined for output. You might want to do this if you regularly switch between multiple percussion sound libraries, and would like to use the same keys to enter Note Types that are assigned to different MIDI values for output. To do so you can assign the same Percussion Input Map to some or all of your percussion staves.

Note. Like Percussion Layouts, Percussion Input Maps can be customized and shared over multiple files and staves.

To change the Percussion Input Map

1. Choose MIDI/Audio > MIDI Setup and click Percussion Input Maps.
2. Click the top popup menu (for channels 1-16) and choose General MIDI > General MIDI. Do the same for channels 17-32 and 33-48.
3. Click OK and OK to return to the score.
4. Enter the same passage in measure 4 of staff 1. Use MIDI pitch 35 (B1)for the bass drum and 38 (D2) for the snare drum.
5. Repeat for staves 2 and 3, still using MIDI pitches 35 and 38 for the bass drum and snare drum for both staves.

Note. The Percussion Input Map is a program wide setting. When you are finished with this exercise, it is important to change the Input Map back to "Match Input Map to Output Map" (or whichever map you choose). If you do not, Finale will use General MIDI as the Input Map for your percussion in all files.

Your score should now look like this:

Press the play button. Even though you played different keys to enter the second half of the example, the playback sounds are the same as the first section. This is because although the Input map (General MIDI) for the snare drum and bass drum Note Types has changed, the MIDI value for output is the same as before (as assigned in the ScoreManager). As such, when you press play, Finale triggers the correct playback sounds for Garritan’s Basic Orchestral Percussion, SmartMusic SoftSynth’s Percussion and VDLite Finale Marching Percussion.

Advanced Percussion tips and techniques

This tutorial covers some of the most common and basic percussion entry and playback scenarios. For more advanced instruction, such as changing between pitched and non-pitched instruments on the same staff, creating your own Input Map, creating a custom Percussion Layout and many other tasks, please visit the Percussion section in the Encyclopedia.

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